Hard hats have been protecting workers for more than a century. As safety standards and technology have evolved, so have the types of head protection available. It’s crucial for employees to have the best head protection for their specific job, ensuring they wear it throughout their shift to guard against hazards such as falling debris, stationary objects, or electrical shock hazards.
Types of head protection
OSHA regulations mandate that head protection must comply with the ANSI/ISEA Z89.1 standard. This standard categorizes head protection by impact type and electrical class.
Impact type
- Type 1: Reduces the force of impact resulting from a blow only to the top of the head
- Type 2: Reduces the force of impact resulting from a blow to the top or sides of the head
Electrical class
- G – General: Protects against low voltage conductors (proof-tested at 2200 volts)
- E -Electrical: Protects against higher voltage conductors (proof-tested at 20,000 volts)
- C – Conductive: Does not provide protection against electrical hazards
Safety helmets
Many companies are now adopting safety helmets, also known as climbing-style helmets or construction safety helmets. These helmets offer enhanced protection by covering the back and sides of the head and come with a chin strap for a secure fit—which is especially useful during slips, trips, or falls. While chin straps can be added to hard hats, options may be limited.
Risks of not using head protection
Failure to wear head protection can result in serious injuries, including brain injuries, skull fractures, concussions, facial and eye injuries, and emotional and psychological damage for employees. Such injuries not only affect employees, but can also lead to major legal and financial consequences for employers.
Slips, trips, and falls accounted for 20% of all nonfatal injuries involving days away from work in 2021-2022, according to the National Safety Council. Research has shown that brain and head injuries can be prevented by using the proper head protection. And the National Council on Compensation Insurance (NCCI) research has shown that brain and head injuries, such as traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), account for 17% of mega claims between $3 million and $5 million, and 30% of mega claims in excess of $10 million.
Best practices for head protection
- Regular inspection and maintenance: Inspect head protection daily for damage to the helmet, suspension system, and any accessories. Clean head protection daily and store it in a cool, dry location.
- Record-keeping: Maintain records of inspections and upgrade head protection as needed.
By adhering to these guidelines, companies can ensure their employees are well-protected, reducing the risk of injury and associated costs.